Ubuntu WSL2

Posted on:December 24, 2023 at 05:50 AM (15 min read)

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Problems

Access is denied

D:\ ❯ wsl --shutdown
D:\ ❯ wsl -l -v
  NAME                   STATE           VERSION
* Ubuntu-22.04           Stopped         2
  docker-desktop-data    Stopped         2
  docker-desktop         Stopped         2
  Ubuntu-20.04           Stopped         2
D:\ ❯ wsl --export Ubuntu-22.04 H:\wsl
Access is denied.
Error code: Wsl/E_ACCESSDENIED
D:\ ❯ wsl --export Ubuntu-22.04 H:\wsl\Ubuntu2204.tar
Export in progress, this may take a few minutes...

apt source

  1. configure default user ubuntu2204 config --default-user haibin

  2. change default apt source sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

ubuntu 20.04 (focal) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
## deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe

ubuntu 22. 04 (jammy) 配置如下

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

default

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

proxy set

#!/bin/sh
hostip=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{ print $2 }')
wslip=$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')
port=7890

PROXY_HTTP="http://${hostip}:${port}"

set_proxy(){
  export http_proxy="${PROXY_HTTP}"
  export HTTP_PROXY="${PROXY_HTTP}"

  export https_proxy="${PROXY_HTTP}"
  export HTTPS_proxy="${PROXY_HTTP}"

  export ALL_PROXY="${PROXY_SOCKS5}"
  export all_proxy=${PROXY_SOCKS5}

  git config --global http.https://github.com.proxy ${PROXY_HTTP}
  git config --global https.https://github.com.proxy ${PROXY_HTTP}

  echo "Host IP:" ${hostip}
  echo "WSL IP:" ${wslip}
  echo "http_proxy:" ${PROXY_HTTP}
  echo "Try to connect to Google..."
  resp=$(curl -I -s --connect-timeout 5 -m 5 -w "%{http_code}" -o /dev/null www.google.com)
  if [ ${resp} = 200 ]; then
    echo "Proxy setup succeeded!"
  else
    echo "Proxy setup failed!"
  fi

}

unset_proxy(){
  unset http_proxy
  unset HTTP_PROXY
  unset https_proxy
  unset HTTPS_PROXY
  unset ALL_PROXY
  unset all_proxy
  git config --global --unset http.https://github.com.proxy
  git config --global --unset https.https://github.com.proxy

  echo "Proxy has been closed."
}


if [ "$1" = "set" ]
then
  set_proxy

elif [ "$1" = "unset" ]
then
  unset_proxy

else
  echo "Unsupported arguments."
fi

in ~/. bashrc or ~/. zshrc

# alias
alias r='ranger'
alias v='lvim'
alias vi='lvim'
alias vim='lvim'
alias f='fzf'
alias c='bat'
alias proxy="source ~/proxy.sh"
alias clean='sudo bleachbit'
alias pdf='evince'
alias u='sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade'

# proxy
proxy set

git

nvim

sudo apt-get install ninja-build gettext cmake unzip curl build-essential
git clone https://github.com/neovim/neovim
cd neovim && git checkout stable

If a package is not provided for your platform, you can build Neovim from source. See Building-Neovim for details. If you have the prerequisites then building is easy:

make CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -j8
sudo make install -j8

For Unix-like systems this installs Neovim to /usr/local, while for Windows to C:\Program Files. Note, however, that this can complicate uninstallation. The following example avoids this by isolating an installation under $HOME/neovim:

rm -r build/  # clear the CMake cache
make CMAKE_EXTRA_FLAGS="-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/neovim"
make install
export PATH="$HOME/neovim/bin:$PATH"

Lunarvim

Installation | LunarVim

sudo apt update && sudo apt install git make python3-pip

# install
LV_BRANCH='release-1.3/neovim-0.9' bash <(curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LunarVim/LunarVim/release-1.3/neovim-0.9/utils/installer/install.sh)

sudo apt install python3-venv xclip
pip3 install neovim
npm install -g neovim

# uninstall
bash ~/.local/share/lunarvim/lvim/utils/installer/uninstall.sh
cd ~\.config\lvim && mkdir lua && mkdir ftplugin
cd lua && mkdir user
cd ~\.config\lvim\ftplugin

oh my zsh

  1. Install the recommended font. Optional but highly recommended.
  2. Install Powerlevel10k itself.
  3. Restart Zsh with exec zsh.
  4. Type p10k configure if the configuration wizard doesn’t start automatically.

Installing ZSH · ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh Wiki (github.com)

sudo apt install zsh
zsh --version
chsh -s $(which zsh)

Home · ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh Wiki (github.com)

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

powerlevel 10 k theme

romkatv/powerlevel10k: A Zsh theme (github.com)

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"   # in ~/.zshrc

plugins

# zsh-autosuggestions
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

# zsh-syntax-highlighting
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

# in zshrc
plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)

fzf

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/junegunn/fzf.git ~/.fzf
~/.fzf/install

Key bindings for command-line

The install script will setup the following key bindings for bash, zsh, and fish.

If you’re on a tmux session, you can start fzf in a tmux split-pane or in a tmux popup window by setting FZF_TMUX_OPTS (e.g. export FZF_TMUX_OPTS='-p80%,60%'). See fzf-tmux --help for available options.

More tips can be found on the wiki page.

fzf-tab

Aloxaf/fzf-tab: Replace zsh’s default completion selection menu with fzf! (github.com)

Clone this repository to your custom directory and then add fzf-tab to your plugin list.

git clone https://github.com/Aloxaf/fzf-tab ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/fzf-tab

node/npm/nvm

To install or update nvm, you should run the install script. To do that, you may either download and run the script manually, or use the following cURL or Wget command:

curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.3/install.sh | bash

# or

wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.3/install.sh | bash

Running either of the above commands downloads a script and runs it. The script clones the nvm repository to ~/.nvm, and attempts to add the source lines from the snippet below to the correct profile file (~/.bash_profile, ~/.zshrc, ~/.profile, or ~/.bashrc).

export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm
nvm list-remote
nvm install --lts

# after type nvm install --lts
Installing latest LTS version.
Downloading and installing node v18.16.0...
Local cache found: ${NVM_DIR}/.cache/bin/node-v18.16.0-linux-x64/node-v18.16.0-linux-x64.tar.xz
Computing checksum with sha256sum
Checksums do not match: 'fb19b07e7e9df431af7b4762c3800d21f7eb9ce489b459155cad4648068ea422' found, '44d93d9b4627fe5ae343012d855491d62c7381b236c347f7666a7ad070f26548' expected.
Checksum check failed!
Removing the broken local cache...
Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v18.16.0/node-v18.16.0-linux-x64.tar.xz...
####################################################################################### 100.0%
Computing checksum with sha256sum
Checksums matched!
Now using node v18.16.0 (npm v9.5.1)
Creating default alias: default -> lts/* (-> v18.16.0)
❯ node -v
v18.16.0
❯ npm -v
9.5.1

Rust/cargo

Installation - The Cargo Book (rust-lang.org)

The easiest way to get Cargo is to install the current stable release of Rust by using rustup. Installing Rust using rustup will also install cargo.

On Linux and macOS systems, this is done as follows:

curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

It will download a script, and start the installation. If everything goes well, you’ll see this appear:

Rust is installed now. Great!

Tmux

A Quick and Easy Guide to tmux (hamvocke.com) Linux Command Line Adventure: Terminal Multiplexers

dotfiles

GitHub does dotfiles - dotfiles.github.io mathiasbynens/dotfiles: .files, including ~/.macos — sensible hacker defaults for macOS (github.com)

The missing semester

teminalizer

faressoft/terminalizer: 🦄 Record your terminal and generate animated gif images or share a web player (github.com)

Record your terminal and generate animated gif images or share a web player link terminalizer.com

Alt text

Potpourri

[[Modern Unix]] Install Google Chrome on Ubuntu 22.04/20.04 From Command Line (linuxbabe.com)

thefuck

nvbn/thefuck: Magnificent app which corrects your previous console command. (github.com)

he Fuck is a magnificent app, inspired by a @liamosaur tweet, that corrects errors in previous console commands.

Is The Fuck too slow? Try the experimental instant mode!

sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3-dev python3-pip python3-setuptools
pip3 install thefuck --user

bat

bat/README-zh.md at master · sharkdp/bat · GitHub

Ubuntu (use apt)

bat request version： Ubuntu after 20.04 (“Focal”) 和 Debian after August 2021 (Debian 11 - “Bullseye”). if your distribution is satisfy the requests：

sudo apt install bat

Important: if you are in this way to install bat, please pay attention to whether or not you have installed executables for batcat (by other bundles executable file name conflict caused) . You can create a ‘bat -> batcat’ symlink or alias to avoid problems due to different executables and maintain consistency with other distributions.

mkdir -p ~/.local/bin
ln -s /usr/bin/batcat ~/.local/bin/bat

Ubuntu (使用 .deb 包)

If you cannot install using the previous method, or need the latest version of bat, you can download the latest.deb package from release page and install it as follows:

wget https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/releases/download/v0.23.0/bat-musl_0.23.0_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i bat-musl_0.23.0_amd64.deb  # adapt version number and architecture

fd

fd is a program to find entries in your filesystem. It is a simple, fast and user-friendly alternative to find. While it does not aim to support all of find ’s powerful functionality, it provides sensible (opinionated) defaults for a majority of use cases.

On Ubuntu

If you run Ubuntu 19.04 (Disco Dingo) or newer, you can install the officially maintained package

sudo apt install fd-find

Note that the binary is called fdfind as the binary name fd is already used by another package. It is recommended that after installation, you add a link to fd by executing command ln -s $(which fdfind) ~/.local/bin/fd, in order to use fd in the same way as in this documentation. Make sure that $HOME/.local/bin is in your $PATH.

If you use an older version of Ubuntu, you can download the latest .deb package from the release page and install it via:

wget https://github.com/sharkdp/fd/releases/download/v8.7.0/fd-musl_8.7.0_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i fd-musl_8.7.0_amd64.deb  # adapt version number and architecture

junegunn/fzf: A command-line fuzzy finder (github.com)

ccache

Ccache is a compiler cache. It speeds up recompilation by caching previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again. ccache/ccache: ccache – a fast compiler cache (github.com)

ccache package versions - Repology

sudo apt install ccache
which gcc

By default, it outputs’ /usr/bin/gcc ’, meaning that when you execute the ‘gcc’ command, you are actually executing ‘/usr/bin/gcc’. As an exercise in RTFM, you will then need to read the contents of man ccache and set an environment variable correctly in the.zshrc file according to the manual instructions. If your setup is successful, rerun ‘which gcc’ and you will see the output changed to ‘/usr/lib/ccache/gcc’.

 There are two ways to use ccache. You can either prefix your compilation
 commands with ccache or you can let ccache masquerade as the compiler by
 creating a symbolic link (named as the compiler) to ccache. The first method is
 most convenient if you just want to try out ccache or wish to use it for some
 specific projects. The second method is most useful for when you wish to use
 ccache for all your compilations.

 To use the first method, just make sure that ccache is in your PATH.

 To use the second method on a Debian system, it’s easiest to just prepend
 /usr/lib/ccache to your PATH. /usr/lib/ccache contains symlinks for all
 compilers currently installed as Debian packages.

   Alternatively, you can create any symlinks you like yourself like this:

     ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/gcc
     ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/g++
     ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/cc
     ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/c++

 And so forth. This will work as long as the directory with symlinks comes before
 the path to the compiler (which is usually in /usr/bin). After installing you
 may wish to run “which gcc” to make sure that the correct link is being used.
vi ~/.zshrc
export PATH="/usr/lib/ccache:$PATH"
source ~/.zshrc
which gcc

btop

aristocratos/btop: A monitor of resources (github.com) Resource monitor that shows usage and stats for processor, memory, disks, network and processes.

Needs GCC 10 or higher, (GCC 11 or above strongly recommended for better CPU efficiency in the compiled binary). The makefile also needs GNU coreutils and sed (should already be installed on any modern distribution). For a cmake based build alternative see the fork by @jan-guenter

  1. Install dependencies (example for Ubuntu 21.04 Hirsute) Use gcc-10 g++-10 if gcc-11 isn’t available

    sudo apt install coreutils sed git build-essential gcc-11 g++-11

  2. Clone repository

    git clone https://github.com/aristocratos/btop.git
cd btop

  3. Compile

    Append `VERBOSE=true` to display full compiler/linker commands.
Append `STATIC=true` for static compilation.
Notice! If using LDAP Authentication, usernames will show as UID number for LDAP users if compiling statically with glibc.
Append `QUIET=true` for less verbose output.
Append `STRIP=true` to force stripping of debug symbols (adds `-s` linker flag).
Append `ARCH=<architecture>` to manually set the target architecture. If omitted the makefile uses the machine triple (output of `-dumpmachine` compiler parameter) to detect the target system.
Use `ADDFLAGS` variable for appending flags to both compiler and linker.
For example: `ADDFLAGS=-march=native` might give a performance boost if compiling only for your own system.
If `g++` is linked to an older version of gcc on your system specify the correct version by appending `CXX=g++-10` or `CXX=g++-11`.

make VERBOSE=true -j12

  4. Install Append PREFIX=/target/dir to set target, default: /usr/local Notice! Only use “sudo” when installing to a NON user owned directory.

    sudo make install

zoxide

ajeetdsouza/zoxide: A smarter cd command. Supports all major shells. (github.com) zoxide is a smarter cd command, inspired by z and autojump. It remembers which directories you use most frequently, so you can “jump” to them in just a few keystrokes. zoxide works on all major shells.

curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ajeetdsouza/zoxide/main/install.sh | bash

# or

sudo apt install zoxide
zoxide init --cmd z zsh

Add this to the end of your config file (usually ~/.zshrc):

eval "$(zoxide init zsh)"

For completions to work, the above line must be added after compinit is called. You may have to rebuild your completions cache by running rm ~/.zcompdump*; compinit.

typos

crate-ci/typos: Source code spell checker (github.com) Finds and corrects spelling mistakes among source code:

  • Fast enough to run on monorepos
  • Low false positives so you can run on PRs

tldr

tldr-pages/tldr: 📚 Collaborative cheatsheets for console commands (github.com) The tldr-pages project is a collection of community-maintained help pages for command-line tools, that aims to be a simpler, more approachable complement to traditional man pages.

A popular and convenient way to access these pages on your computer is to install the Node.js client, which is supported by the tldr-pages project maintainers:

npm install -g tldr

gping

Ping, but with a graph.

Comes with the following super-powers:

echo "deb http://packages.azlux.fr/debian/ buster main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/azlux.list
wget -qO - https://azlux.fr/repo.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gping

gping --help

ranger

❯ ranger --copy-config=all
creating: /home/haibin/.config/ranger/rifle.conf
creating: /home/haibin/.config/ranger/commands.py
creating: /home/haibin/.config/ranger/commands_full.py
creating: /home/haibin/.config/ranger/rc.conf
creating: /home/haibin/.config/ranger/scope.sh

> Please note that configuration files may change as ranger evolves.
  It's completely up to you to keep them up to date.

> To stop ranger from loading both the default and your custom rc.conf,
  please set the environment variable RANGER_LOAD_DEFAULT_RC to FALSE.

cht.sh

chubin/cheat.sh: the only cheat sheet you need (github.com)

Unified access to the best community driven cheat sheets repositories of the world. Let’s imagine for a moment that there is such a thing as an ideal cheat sheet. What should it look like? What features should it have?

Such a thing exists! It’s easy to install and there’s even auto-complete.

# installation
PATH_DIR="$HOME/bin"  # or another directory on your $PATH
mkdir -p "$PATH_DIR"
curl https://cht.sh/:cht.sh > "$PATH_DIR/cht.sh"
chmod +x "$PATH_DIR/cht.sh"

gdu

Pretty fast disk usage analyzer written in Go.

Gdu is intended primarily for SSD disks where it can fully utilize parallel processing. However HDDs work as well, but the performance gain is not so huge.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:daniel-milde/gdu
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gdu

fkill-cli

sindresorhus/fkill-cli: Fabulously kill processes. Cross-platform. (github.com)

Fabulously kill processes. Cross-platform.

Works on macOS, Linux, and Windows.

npm install --global fkill-cli

Usage

$ fkill --help

Usage
	$ fkill [<pid|name|:port> …]
Options
	--force, -f                  Force kill
	--verbose, -v                Show process arguments
	--silent, -s                 Silently kill and always exit with code 0
	--force-timeout <N>, -t <N>  Force kill processes which didn't exit after N seconds
Examples
	$ fkill 1337
	$ fkill safari
	$ fkill :8080
	$ fkill 1337 safari :8080
	$ fkill
To kill a port, prefix it with a colon. For example: :8080.
Run without arguments to use the interactive interface.
In interactive mode, 🚦n% indicates high CPU usage and 🐏n% indicates high memory sage.
Supports fuzzy search in the interactive mode.
The process name is case insensitive.

gdb-dashboard

cyrus-and/gdb-dashboard: Modular visual interface for GDB in Python (github.com)

GDB dashboard is a standalone .gdbinit file written using the Python API that enables a modular interface showing relevant information about the program being debugged. Its main goal is to reduce the number of GDB commands needed to inspect the status of current program thus allowing the developer to primarily focus on the control flow.

in your home directory

wget -P ~ https://git.io/.gdbinit

gcalcli

gcalcli is a Python application that allows you to access your Google Calendar(s) from a command line. It’s easy to get your agenda, search for events, add new events, delete events, edit events, see recently updated events, and even import those annoying ICS/vCal invites from Microsoft Exchange and/or other sources. Additionally, gcalcli can be used as a reminder service and execute any application you want when an event is coming up.

sudo apt install gcalcli

mapscii

rastapasta/mapscii: 🗺 MapSCII is a Braille & ASCII world map renderer for your console - enter => telnet mapscii.me <= on Mac (brew install telnet) and Linux, connect with PuTTY on Windows (github.com)

A node.js based Vector Tile to Braille and ASCII renderer for xterm -compatible terminals.

If you haven’t already got Node.js >= version 10, then go get it.

npm install -g mapscii

This is pretty simple too.

mapscii